Intervention group (n)

1

2

3

4

AGu, topical 50 g/L +

systemic 1 g/L (13)

Systemic AGu 1 g/L

(21)^†

Systemic AGu 5 g/L

(6)

Placebo

(8)

Start of intervention

day 0

7 weeks prior to day 0

9 - 11 weeks prior to day 0

(untreated)

Time of observation

baseline

end

baseline

end

baseline

end

baseline

end

Age (weeks)

(baseline at day 0)

11.5 - 14

16 - 20

11 - 13

15 - 20

14 - 18

20 - 24

12 - 13

16 - 20

Body weight (g)

(baseline at day 7)

35.7 ± 1.3

32.3 ± 1.6

39.5 ± 0.7

35.4 ± 1.4

36.8 ± 1.5

36.0 ± 2.5

35.8 ± 1.6

31.1 ± 2.3

fPG(mmol/L)

(baseline at day 0)

29.3 ± 1.8

29.1 ± 2.3

27.0 ± 1.8

27.6 ± 1.8

20.3 ± 3.4

19.5 ± 4.8

28.7 ± 3.9

28.6 ± 3.6

A1C (%)

(baseline at day 0)

-

-

11.9 ± 0.6

12.4 ± 0.8

9.5 ± 0.7

8.4 ± 1.0

11.8 ± 1.1

13.1 ± 0.9

p-lactate (mmol/L)

(baseline at day 0)

1.8 ± 0.2

2.2 ± 0.2

1.6 ± 0.1

2.2 ± 0.2

2.1 ± 0.1

2.5 ± 0.3

1.8 ± 0.1

1.8 ± 0.3